This project (2020-1-ES01-KA203-082364) has been funded with support from the European Commission. This web site reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This web site reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Renewable energy continues to grow fast in the US despite Covid 19. In a remarkable move, the market capitalization of NextEra Energy, the world’s largest producer of wind and solar energy, passed in December 2020 (at more than $145 billion) the one of Exxon Mobil, the oil giant which used to be the ‘Standard Oil’ created by John Rockefeller in 1870 and became ‘Exxon’ in 1972 before merging its operations with Mobil in 1999. Together with the negative prices reached by the WTI crude oil in April 2020, this is the evidence that a page of history is turned for the oil giants and a New Era is indeed taking place.
British Petroleum (BP), the UK-based company which greatly operates in the US and has turned involved in greener activities after the ecological disaster of Deepwater Horizon, the oil platform in the US part of the Gulf of Mexico and the deepest drilled oil field is making its first move into offshore wind via a partnership with Norway-based Equinor (the former Statoil). BP is paying Equinor $1.1 billion for a 50% stake in wind farms Equinor is developing off the coasts of New York and Massachusetts. The projects represent a combined generating capacity of 4.4 Gigawatts, enough to power more than 2 million homes. BP says it hopes to develop 50 Gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030, which is 20 times its 2019 level.
Driving the news in the financial world is the arrival at BlackRock, the world’s largest asset management fund, of Paul Bodnar - a climate finance veteran and founder of the clean energy think tank ‘Center for Climate-Aligned Finance”- as Head of Sustainable Investing. According to Blackrock, Bodnar will lead "sustainable research, analytics, product development, and integration of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) considerations into the investment process," and help clients achieve ‘net zero emissions’.
Lastly, it is worth mentioning the book by Bill Gates ‘How to avoid a climate disaster’. The author proposes to analyze in a systematic manner the difference in cost between a fossil fuel – based activity and the same clean one: the premium to pay for being green in in electricity production, manufacturing, and heating. He observes that for cement and steel production as well as the airline industry, clean options at a low price are not presently available while clean versions of bunker fuel for cargoes would be three times more expensive. This analysis would give countries and industries some guidance on the way forward.
As macro-level modelling has become a key tool in guiding climate policies, the manner of representing the green energy sector is ultimately of importance for the way we support it. In particular, the development of green energies happens in a context that can be uneasy for economists where multiple market failures exist. If the financing of the green energy sector is not properly accounted for, with the different obstacles that exist to it, there is a risk that policies adopted are suboptimal.
A strand of studies assume that the green energy sector can develop optimally with regard to essentially one variable, which is the carbon price, or the social cost of carbon (SCC). The exercise consists then in estimating the mapping from the carbon price set to the corresponding energy mix. Moreover, existing scenarios vary in assumptions regarding the technology evolution of the green energy producers, as well as that of the carbon dioxide removal sector.
However, the primary use of the SCC shouldn’t mask the fact that many other conditions need to be met. Some of these challenges are addressed in recent iterations of the EIRIN model, whereby the green energy sector is represented on its own, independently from its brown counterpart. This allows for considering the more specific financing needs and potential constraints that the sector faces, as well as its competitive interaction with traditional energy providers.
Uncertainty and risk are central aspects to address in the design of transition policies, as they can shift the optimal path to take for the economy, and they are especially pervasive in the financial market dynamics. Thus, a better integration of the green energy sector along this dimension can provide a more exhaustive views of conditions that have to be met to achieve a cleaner energy mix.
Finally, in practice, the ability of the green energy sector to scale up optimally depends on its ability to take advantage of policies in place and available funding mechanisms for green projects. There again the figure of the sustainable energy expert is key, to leverage on the understanding of financing constraints and green financial products, so as to minimize operational risk and devise the most efficient growth paths for green energy
In computational finance, state-of-the-art numerical methods and computer methods are adopted to put a financial model into work. Methods like Monte-Carlo simulation, regression and machine learning are universal tools to simulate scenarios and access risks - one may use them for mathematical finance and climate models alike. Learning the numerical methods in finance gives one the tools needed to tackle climate models too.
But do we need financial modelling at all? Maybe you remember the fun question: "How much wealth would you have if you would have put $ 1 in a savings account 2000 years ago?" Investing at 1.5%, we would - theoretically - arrive at 8.6 trillion dollars! This behaviour reflects the time value of money - rational investors prefer to receive money today rather than the same amount of money in the future. It appears as if a small value today corresponds to a large value in the future, or, equivalently, a large value in the future corresponds to a small value today.
Such exponential growth is inherent to many simple financial models, used to value liabilities or future projects' costs and benefits.
However, what if we want to assess the impact of possible future damages? Think, for example, of the destruction caused by climatic calamities like hurricanes or floods in a given area. The probability of such extreme events has increased and will further increase due to climate change, and it is important to estimate the damage they would cause. Having in mind the idea of the time value of money described above, one could be tempted to discount the damage accordingly.
This discounting has, of course, a huge impact if we think about events in a quite far future, like twenty to hundred years: huge costs in the future appear to become small costs, and hence of a lower priority, today.
A consequence of this can be that one hazardously underestimates the priority to prevent future damages.
This is a dangerous misconception: while the valuation of a liability in the previously discussed form is well-grounded, it cannot be applied to access the priorities to fix or prevent future damages.
In [1], we try to tackle this problem by introducing a non-linear discounting for future damages. The so-called "discount factors" are different here, such that preventing environmental damages has a much higher priority.
This is an example of how an accurate understanding of mathematical finance is essential to comparing and understanding future scenarios.
Welcome to computational and mathematical finance.
[1] Christian Fries Discounting Damage:Non-Linear Discounting and Default Compensation, Preprint, 2021
Within the scope of the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050 and, more specifically, at the level of the National Energy and Climate Plan 2030, the entry of Hydrogen into the Portuguese energy system is an inescapable fact.
The contribution of Green Hydrogen to the energy transition stands out in the possibility of being a complement to the electrification of consumption in general. It should be noted that the role of electrification in terms of mobility, air conditioning or industrial and transport processes is very significant, which is why green Hydrogen may play an important role in terms of the production and efficient allocation of energy resources.
So the question arises, what will the financial and economic plan be like to boost Green Hydrogen in the energy market?
Taking into account the Earlier national and international policies, it is evident that the Green Hydrogen market will be characterized by a demand induced by the offer ( "supplier-induced demand"), where national policies will have a very significant importance to induce producers and consumers to substitute brown energies for green energies that, directly or indirectly, are associated with carbon emissions.
These National policies and incentives should allow:
Considering the information available, the Portuguese model will be characterized by a mixture of direct support with the imposition of some taxes and other obligations, which will gradually increase the cost of the marginal carbon unit - auctions.
The Green Hydrogen auction may follow the molds that, today, are already applied to the solar auction by, for example, the allocation of amounts per batch and limiting the maximum capacity that a single bidder can win.
Do you want to learn more about Green projects risks, returns and investments impacts? GrEnFIn is the project to follow: GrEnFIn - greening energy by promoting the transition to renewable energy sources, thus decarbonizing the EU economy, and the instruments to finance it, accounting for risk, returns and impacts.
On February 25, 2021, the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance has published the “Framework for the issuance of Sovereign Green Bonds”, according to which the first BTP Green will be issued. BTP Green is the new Italian government bond designed to support the environmental goals and the overall sustainability strategy of the Republic of Italy.
The BTP Green bond, maturing on the 30th April 2045 with an accrual date 30th of October 2020, has a 1.50% annual coupon, paid on a semi-annual basis. The settlement date of the transaction was set for the 10th of March, 2021. Around 530 investors have taken part in the transaction with a total amount requested of above 80 billion Euros, the biggest debut sovereign green bond from a European issuer to date.
The transition to a climate-neutral economy by 2050 means transforming its energy and transport infrastructure together with the need for a substantial investment in its stock of existing buildings and its industry. Neither the public nor the private sector can meet this investment challenge alone. Therefore, to achieve these common objectives, large volumes of sustainable finance will need to be mobilized by the public and private sectors working together more closely than ever. This is a key rationale for launching BTP Green.
Through the issue of Sovereign Green Bonds, Italy will finance public expenditures intended to contribute to the achievement of one or more of the following environmental objectives of the EU Sustainable Finance Taxonomy:
Moreover, the use of proceeds will help Italy support the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
The Greek government is committed to the withdrawal of lignite power plants located in areas of the region of Western Macedonia (6 units of 4,438 MW) and the Municipality of Megalopolis in the Peloponnese region (2 units of 850 MW) by 2028 and for this reason “The Just Transition Development Plan” of these areas has been prepared, with the aim of creating strategic development opportunities for the regeneration of local economies, securing jobs and creating new ones.
According to the plan (November 2020), which is a complete road map, the transformation of the areas will be achieved through the development of the primary, secondary and tertiary production sector, and the utilization of the existing human resources. The radical transformation of the economies of the regions through new activities is required, in order to be able to maintain and strengthen the economic and social structure so that the afore mentioned areas become sustainable and inclusive.
The plan is based on five growth pillars (Green - clean energy, Smart farming, Sustainable tourism, Craft - industry - trade, Digital economy and education) which are fully in line with EU policy objectives for smarter, greener, more connected, the most social and close to the citizen Europe.
These five (5) pillars support the transition to a new economic model, which will highlight modern and clean forms of energy, but at the same time will be diversified, releasing the growth perspective of more sectors of the economy supported by the simultaneous improvement of infrastructure and alternative utilization of the areas used by the lignite mines.
The financing of the project will be achieved through increased tax incentives for investments in the regions, as well as the use of resources from the European Just Transition Platform (JTP), the new NSRF, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, EU Competitive Programs and national resources (Green Fund, Industrial Areas Development Fee). Land uses for lignite mine sites will also be determined.
The Summer School is targeted to master students who are interested in green energy and sustainable finance problems. The Summer School will be held between the 7th and the 11th of June 2021 in Katowice, Poland .
For more information please check GrEnFIn Summer School.
The Summer training is a short learning experience of the GrEnFIn Project targeted for professionals: the goal is to test the first draft of professional module in order to implement contents and methodologies. The Summer Training will be held between the 7th and the 9th of June 2021 in Katowice, Poland.
For more information please check GrEnFIn Summer Training.
The Fourth Virtual Project meeting of GrEnFIn that was supposed to be held in Paris, but it was instead organized virtually (because of COVID-19) through Microsoft TEAMS. The Agenda was planned in 2 days in total, 3 hours each. The meeting took place on 14th and 15th of December, 2.30 PM – 5.30 PM (Brussels Time). During the first day of the meeting partners discussed the aspects related to the WP3, WP4 and WP6 with a focus on the design of the professional module and the feasibility of the Multiple or Joint Degree course; while the second day the sessions covered topics related to the financial and interim report, with an overview of the internal and external evaluation coming from the WU partner. As usual, the last session has been entirely dedicated to list what will happen in the coming 6 months with tasks for each partner.
Partecipa al primo Umbrella Organization Meeting del progetto internazionale GrEnFIn: Greening Energy Market and Finance, finalizzato a sviluppare programmi formativi in materia di Green Energy Finance che forniscano le competenze professionali del Sustainable Energy Manager, figura ritenuta rilevante per supportare la transizione verso un’economia più sostenibile.
L'evento online si terrà il 17 ottobre dalle ore 10.30 alle ore 12.30.
L’obiettivo dell’incontro è, da una parte, condividere i tratti salienti del progetto, con particolare riferimento al modulo relativo alla progettazione della formazione professionale, dall’altra, approfondire alcune tematiche tecniche di contesto, a cura di alcuni Associate Partner del progetto.
Alla fine del meeting è previsto un momento aperto al confronto per raccogliere feedback dal mondo professional utili alle fasi successive del progetto.
Per confermare la presenza all’evento e ricevere maggiori informazioni vi preghiamo di contattarci all’indirizzo info@grenfin.eu.
GOOGLE MEET LINK per partecipare alla conferenza: https://meet.google.com/vuq-usds-moi
L'agenda dell'evento:
10,30 – Prof. Silvia Romagnoli, UNIBO - Ugo Canonico e Daniela Bottega, Hera
Presentazione Progetto GrEnFIn: prospettive accademiche e professionali
11,00 - Luca Bartolucci, Prometeia
Climate change risk: le principali sfide per le Banche e spunti per impostare le analisi di impatto
11,30 – Davide Tabanelli, Nomisma Energia
Emission Trading System competitività Sistema industriale italiano
12,00 – Gaëlle Ridolfi, Hera
L’applicazione del framework Sustainable Development Goals nel Gruppo Hera -
12,30 - Q&A e attività di validazione
GOOGLE MEET LINK to join the conference: https://meet.google.com/ugv-vvtf-dfu
Join a conference with testimonials dedicated to an emergent and new professional profile, the Sustainable Energy Expert, able to assess the risks of the sector due to the exposure to fossil fuels resources, and to identify effective strategies for decarbonization by looking at the characteristics of the green energy market and new financial instruments to finance the transition.
The online event will take place on October 15th at 10.30 am. The session will be interest to students, academics and professionals working, studying or researching within the green energy sector. The event is organized to present the Erasmus+ KA2 Knowledge Alliances project (N. 612408) GrEnFIn: Green Energy Market and Finance, originates from the analysis of the role of the energy sector in the EU2030 strategy and its need to align to the low-carbon energy transition and circular economy goals of the European Union (EU).
The event agenda:
10.30 – 11.00 AM
11.00 – 11.30 AM
Carbon Neutral 2050: All Abord!
On May 21, 2020, the Portuguese National Energy and Climate Plan (PNEC2030) was approved establishing the objectives of the national climate and energy policy meeting what was defined by the Green deal.
The Energy and Climate Plan establishes:
The energy efficiency and the zero emissions buildings goals can be reach by betting on the efficient use of resources and the rehabilitation and renovation of the building; reducing the consumption of primary energy in various sectors, such as public administration, industry and buildings.
In terms of renewables, the Plan invests in energy from renewable sources by doubling the solar capacity (promoted through auctions for the allocation of reception capacity in the Electricity Network); betting on the production and incorporation of renewable gases (hydrogen) and increasing wind production.
Another of the objectives included in the Plan is the development of an innovative and competitive industry, which will be achieved with decarbonization, digitalization and circularity.
To help all the sectors to achieve these ambitious national objects there will be need Energy specialists with knowledge not only in the technical field but also in the financial and sustainability fields.
GrEnFIn can and will help all the professional and students to be the Energy Specialist that each sector will need to achieve this energy transition plan.
We are living strange and agitated times, just when Brexit and the migration crisis threatened the identity of the EU, COVID-19 has struck harshly all countries and citizens and turn our lives into this 'new normality'. It is widely accepted that the environmental degradation is related to the origin of this and future pandemics so our focus should shift to prevent climate change and adopt a planetary health approach in our activities.
The EU must turn these challenges into opportunities to transform the Union into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy, leading the fight against climate change.
For that purpose, the EU has elaborated a plan to make the economy sustainable, the European Green Deal, launched the 11th of December of 2019. The main objectives are:
The European Green Deal provides an action plan to
The EU aims to be climate neutral in 2050 and to boost this action, the past 17th of September 2020 the 2030 Climate Target Plan was presented. This plan set a more ambitious and cost-effective path to achieving climate neutrality raising the EU’s ambition on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, from the previously agreed 40% to at least 55% below 1990 levels by 2030.
This plan will stimulate the creation of green jobs and continue cutting greenhouse emissions whilst growing its economy. At the same time, it will encourage international partners to increase their ambition to limit the rise in global temperature to 1.5°C and avoid the most severe consequences of climate change.
This new regulation frame will require new professionals with not only a technical knowledge but also strong financial and sustainability background. For that reason, new multidisciplinary educational curricula such as the one developed in the GrEnFIn project will be mandatory.
In addition to the significant economic, social and political implications globally and nationally, the spread of the coronavirus has greatly affected the energy sector in all forms of energy. According to the recent study “Impact of the Coronavirus Crisis on the Greek Energy Market” of IENE – Institute of Energy for South East Europe, the most obvious impact was the sudden and sharp decline in demand leading to a significant decline in prices, especially in the oil sector, but also in the gas sector and secondarily in electricity.
The domestic oil market was significantly affected, especially during the outbreak of the pandemic. Gasoline consumption decreased by 60%, while diesel, mainly due to agricultural crops and increased domestic transport, showed a milder decline of 35% -40%.
Although there was a decline in domestic gas demand, it was rather marginal and did not reach oil levels. There was a significant drop in gas prices (mainly LNG), due to developments in international markets (eg a large drop in the price of crude oil), while there was a large penetration of LNG in the electricity generation of Greece, resulting in 64% of the gas supply in the first half of 2020 to be LNG.
The pandemic crisis led to a significant reduction in the total electricity load of Greece, which was probably due to the fact that commercial consumption decreased with a parallel increase in domestic, without having largely stopped industrial activity. This reduction, along with a fall in CO2 prices, has led to very low energy prices. A number of consumers have had problems paying their bills, creating a liquidity crisis in the market. Significant effects were also felt in the energy-intensive industry, which inevitably affected the financial results of suppliers in the retail sector.
The coronavirus caused cancellations and delays in major RES and energy storage projects. Ongoing RES investments have faced several difficulties due to delays in response from licensing services, restrictions on the movement and residence of their executives and technical staff, delays in equipment delivery schedules, and the rectification of problems in existing projects, among others.
Delays were recorded in renovation and energy upgrade projects of buildings
A positive effect of the coronavirus pandemic was the significant drop in air pollution in Athens, but also in other major cities in Greece.
The results of the European Public Survey of November 2018, aimed to collect the public perceptions on climate change and energy in Europe and Russian and showed clear evidence that citizens do worry about energy security beyond affordable supply and generally find dependence on fossil fuels worrisome. Their preferences for electricity produced from renewable sources is clear and has been confirmed by the result of the GrEnFIn Survey of beginning 2020. Besides the new evidences seem to believe that a new professional figure is expected to be pivotal in the green transition. An investment in education is seen as a possible solution to facilitate the opening of a sustainable era.
We recall that GrEnFIn is mainly committed to face the new challenges of a transforming world with an inclusive global view by designing an innovative and interdisciplinary European approach and framework to educate the "hero of the green economy", i.e. the Sustainable Energy Expert, having the pivotal role to assure for a vital economy with an environment-preserving behavior of companies and stakeholders. This way we are expected to contribute to the decarbonizing process of the EU economy through investment in knowledge and competences for either high education and professional training in the Energy Sector which must be aligned to the stakeholders’ needs. The collections of their needs have been realized through a consultation and a consecutive discussion/exposition of the results in the GrEnFIn survey.
Responses clearly show that the energy transition is real and is now. Consequently it is clearly highlighted by respondents that there is a significant need for the professional figure of the Sustainable Energy Expert. Their preferences within Engineering skills are also clear: the most relevant are the ones related to Energy networks, Smart grids and Renewable generation.
GrEnFIn curriculum aims to educate the Professional figure of Sustainable Energy Expert by designing an innovative and interdisciplinary European approach and framework which support his pivotal role in the energy transition phase. The design of the educational path aims to fill the gap in the current educational offer and comes from the results of the report of the already existing educational offers and the needs of the stakeholders.
The new course will be innovative in both the contents and the methodologies. The drafted path is multidisciplinary and involves three different tracks, i.e. the technological, the financial and the economical one. As a matter of fact the new professional must be able to face the sustainable challenge of an energy transition and suggest coherent solutions in line with the EU target and the more advanced renewable technologies. Besides the implied natural risk must be managed and hedged through financial engineering products, designed ad hoc.
The innovation in methodologies will be favored by the mixed composition of the faculty which will include academics as well as professionals. As a matter of fact professionals will approach students with a real problems oriented approach enriched by internship experiences, teamworking and soft skills training.
We strongly believe that the joint efforts of Academia and Industry can play a significant role now as well as in the future, supporting the development of a low carbon world. And we are convinced that, by shaping new, young generations of professionals, the GrEnFIn project will contribute to this collaborative journey toward a more sustainable, and ultimately more just, society.
The information about the First GrEnFIn Summer School is now online. Photos, testimony and didactical material of students and lecturers are now available. Despite the Pandemic emergency the Summer School took successfully place, even if we have been forced to held it entirely online. We are glad to say that between the 8th and the 11th of June we had few intense and incredibly satisfying days of work and collaboration between lecturers, students and auditors.
The Third Virtual Project meeting of GrEnFIn that was supposed to be held in Bologna, was instead took place virtually (because of the circumstances of COVID-19) through the help of Microsoft TEAMS. As you can see the Agenda was planned in 2 days in total, 3 hours each. The meeting took place on 15th and 16th of June, 2.30 PM – 5.30 PM (Brussels Time). The time table is taking as reference the Brussels Time Zone. In order to overcome the Time Zone matter, and make the meeting participation feasible for our Brazilian partner, we planned the schedule of each day between the 2.30 PM and the 5.30 PM (Brussels Time). The meeting sessions were tailored in order to be consistent with the project development stage and make the participation efficient for all the partners even at distance. During the meeting we had the chance to discuss all the aspects related to the First edition of the GrEnFIn Summer School and thanks to the presentation of the HEIs partners, we gave the official start to the WP4 – Pilot Class activities. We recall the Quality assessment process, dedicated a moment for a feedback about the First Progress Report and saw together the next milestones of the Project. Every morning before the Virtual project meeting, we have sent the presentations that were on the Agenda for the day, in order to give all partners the opportunity to get in the topics in advance.
The GrEnFIn stakeholders survey is officially closed and we want to thank all involved stakeholders for their precious collaboration. The analysed results paint an interesting picture of the energy transition, offering regional and sector insights on the challenges and needs of different companies. The overall message, in a nutshell, is that the energy transition is real, is now, and will get more and more relevant in the future; to be able to handle it, there is a clear need of effective collaboration between Industry and Academia, from graduate studies to life-long learning. For the full results please see the Report on the consultation
The Second Project meeting of GrEnFIn originally scheduled to be held in Vienna, instead took place virtually, this was because of the current COVID-19 pandemic emergency. The Consortium agreed anyway to carry on with the work and meet on Microsoft TEAMS platform, on the 21st, 22nd, and 23th April 2020. The sections where from 3.00 PM till 6.00 PM (Brussels Time) in order to allow all the partners to participate despite the different time zones.
All Consortium Partners participated at the meeting. The first day Prof. Silvia Romagnoli introduced the meeting with an effective recap of the updates, adjustment and results achieved during the start-up phase of the project. UNIBO then presented the latest outcomes of WP2: stakeholders consultation, validations activities and survey, and the University Paris-Dauphine together with Pixel had a session to deeper explain the importance of the website and a focus on disseminations events, also considering the current international situation. The 22nd was focused to the Quality (WP9) and Evaluation Plan (WP10) and WP3: Draft curriculum development with a preliminary draft of the summer school structure. During the last meeting day the focus was on Project Management aspects. First the Project Management Framework (WP1) was presented and discussed and then the rest of the section was dedicated to refresh and discuss about the upcoming first internal progress report. The meeting was a good opportunity for all partners to have a look at the activities and Todolist of each WP for the next months before the First Summer School and the following Project Meeting scheduled next June.
It is now possible to enroll in the first GrEnFIn Summer School that will take place in Bologna on 8-11 giugno 2020.
The surveys to determine what is the skillset needed to shape the professional role of the Sustainable energy expert is available.
The Kick-off meeting took place in Bologna (IT) on 27-29 November 2019. Representatives from the University of Bologna presented to the partners the project and the activities to be carried out. The meeting was also an opportunity for the partners to get to know each other and to discuss all details related to the project's activities. The partners presented the institutions involved. At the end of the meeting all the partners had a clear view of the future project's implementation, the financial rules and the next activities..
The GrEnFin project has been funded, by the European Commission in the framework of the the Erasmus+ Programme with the aim to to provide the Energy Sector’s stakeholders (energy providers, private companies, research institutes,…) with the figure of the Sustainable Energy experts professional, i.e. European high skilled professionals capable to face the changing challenges in the field with an inclusive global logic.